Menurut saya, perdagangan sangat erat kaitanya dengan ekonomi karena dalam perdagangan yang dicari adalah laba dan suatu perusahaan selalu ingin memaksimalkan laba dan meminimumkan pengeluaran oleh karena itu di butuhkan seorang yang ahli dalam bidang ekonomi.
Dengan adanya lulusan sarjana ekonomi sangat berpengaruh terhadap perdagan karena mereka tidak hanya dibekali dengan ilmu-ilmu ekonomi tetapi mereka juga dibekali dengan skill agar dapat membuat suatu usaha sediri.
Banyak sekali lulusan sarjana ekonomi yang menjadi pengusaha muda dan menjadi inspirasi bagi banyak orang sehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap perdagangan di tingkat asia.
Sabtu, 19 Februari 2011
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
•Shut the door before you go out.
•You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
•While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
•By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
•No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
•They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
•The guard stood where he was positioned.
•Where there is a will, there is a way.
•Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
•Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
•As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
•Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
•Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
•He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
•He did as I told him.
•You may finish it how you like.
•They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
•They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
•He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
•I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
•Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
•It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
•The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
•The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
a. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
•Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
•Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
•Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
b.Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
•Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
•Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
•As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
•Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
c.Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
•Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
•Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
•Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
•If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
•She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
•Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
•In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
•The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
•We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.
Sumber : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html
Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.
Contoh:
•Shut the door before you go out.
•You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
•While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
•By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
•No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh:
•They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
•The guard stood where he was positioned.
•Where there is a will, there is a way.
•Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
•Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh:
•As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
•Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
•Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
•He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh:
•He did as I told him.
•You may finish it how you like.
•They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
•They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
•She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
•He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
•I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
•Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
•It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
•The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
•The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
a. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
•Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
•Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
•Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
b.Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
•Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
•Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
•As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
•Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
c.Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
•Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
•Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
•Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:
•If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
•She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
•Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
•In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
•The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
•We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.
Sumber : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-89-adverb-clause.html
Kamis, 17 Februari 2011
Perbedaan Karangan Ilmiah, non Ilmiah dan Semi Ilmiah
Karangan merupakan karya tulis hasil dari kegiatan seseorang untuk mengungkapkan gagasan dan menyampaikanya melalui bahasa tulis kepada pembaca untuk dipahami.
karangan ilmiah
“ suatu karangan atau tulisan yang diperoleh sesuai dengan sifat keilmuanya dan didasari oleh hasil pengamatan, peninjuan, penelitian dalam bidang tertentu, disusun menurut metode tertentu dengan sistematika penulisan yang bersantun bahasa dan isinya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenaranya atau keilmiahannya” Eko, Susililo, M.( 1995 : 11)
Tujuan karangan ilmiah, antara lain: memberi penjelasan, memberi komentar atau penilaian, memberi saran, menyampaikan sanggahan, serta membuktikan hipotesa.
Jenis karangan ilmiah, diantaranya makalah, skripsi, tesis, disertasi dan laporan penelitian. Kalaupun jenisnya berbeda-beda, tetapi keempat-empatnya bertolak dari laporan, kemudian diberi komentar dan saran. Perbedaannya hanya terletak pada kekompleksannya.
Karangan ilmiah mempunyai beberapa ciri, antara lain:
1.Kejelasan.
Artinya semua yang dikemukakan tidak samar-samar, pengungkapan maksudnya tepat dan jernih.
2.Kelogisan.
Artinya keterangan yang dikemukakan masuk akal.
3.Kelugasan.
Artinya pembicaraan langsung pada hal yang pokok.
4.Keobjektifan
Artinya semua keterangan benar-benar aktual, apa adanya.
5.Keseksamaan
Artinya berusaha untuk menghindari diri dari kesalahan atau kehilafan betapapun kecilnya.
6.Kesistematisan
Artinya semua yang dikemukakan disusun menurut urutan yang memperlihatkan kesinambungan.
7.Ketuntasan.
Artinya segi masalah dikupas secara mendalam dan selengkap-lengkapnya.
Karangan non ilmiah
Non Ilmiah (Fiksi) adalah Satu ciri yang pasti ada dalam tulisan fiksi adalah isinya yang berupa kisah rekaan. Kisah rekaan itu dalam praktik penulisannya juga tidak boleh dibuat sembarangan, unsur-unsur seperti penokohan, plot, konflik, klimaks, setting dsb.
Karangan semi ilmiah
Semi Ilmiah adalah sebuah penulisan yang menyajikan fakta dan fiksi dalam satu tulisan dan penulisannyapun tidak semiformal tetapi tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti metode ilmiah yang sintesis-analitis karena sering di masukkan karangan non-ilmiah. Maksud dari karangan non-ilmiah tersebut ialah karena jenis Semi Ilmiah memang masih banyak digunakan misal dalam komik, anekdot, dongeng, hikayat, novel, roman dan cerpen.
Sumber : it-kosongsatu.com/download/Bahasa%20kel%205.doc
http://amatirs.blogspot.com/2010/04/perbedaan-karangan-non-ilmiah-semi.html
karangan ilmiah
“ suatu karangan atau tulisan yang diperoleh sesuai dengan sifat keilmuanya dan didasari oleh hasil pengamatan, peninjuan, penelitian dalam bidang tertentu, disusun menurut metode tertentu dengan sistematika penulisan yang bersantun bahasa dan isinya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenaranya atau keilmiahannya” Eko, Susililo, M.( 1995 : 11)
Tujuan karangan ilmiah, antara lain: memberi penjelasan, memberi komentar atau penilaian, memberi saran, menyampaikan sanggahan, serta membuktikan hipotesa.
Jenis karangan ilmiah, diantaranya makalah, skripsi, tesis, disertasi dan laporan penelitian. Kalaupun jenisnya berbeda-beda, tetapi keempat-empatnya bertolak dari laporan, kemudian diberi komentar dan saran. Perbedaannya hanya terletak pada kekompleksannya.
Karangan ilmiah mempunyai beberapa ciri, antara lain:
1.Kejelasan.
Artinya semua yang dikemukakan tidak samar-samar, pengungkapan maksudnya tepat dan jernih.
2.Kelogisan.
Artinya keterangan yang dikemukakan masuk akal.
3.Kelugasan.
Artinya pembicaraan langsung pada hal yang pokok.
4.Keobjektifan
Artinya semua keterangan benar-benar aktual, apa adanya.
5.Keseksamaan
Artinya berusaha untuk menghindari diri dari kesalahan atau kehilafan betapapun kecilnya.
6.Kesistematisan
Artinya semua yang dikemukakan disusun menurut urutan yang memperlihatkan kesinambungan.
7.Ketuntasan.
Artinya segi masalah dikupas secara mendalam dan selengkap-lengkapnya.
Karangan non ilmiah
Non Ilmiah (Fiksi) adalah Satu ciri yang pasti ada dalam tulisan fiksi adalah isinya yang berupa kisah rekaan. Kisah rekaan itu dalam praktik penulisannya juga tidak boleh dibuat sembarangan, unsur-unsur seperti penokohan, plot, konflik, klimaks, setting dsb.
Karangan semi ilmiah
Semi Ilmiah adalah sebuah penulisan yang menyajikan fakta dan fiksi dalam satu tulisan dan penulisannyapun tidak semiformal tetapi tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti metode ilmiah yang sintesis-analitis karena sering di masukkan karangan non-ilmiah. Maksud dari karangan non-ilmiah tersebut ialah karena jenis Semi Ilmiah memang masih banyak digunakan misal dalam komik, anekdot, dongeng, hikayat, novel, roman dan cerpen.
Sumber : it-kosongsatu.com/download/Bahasa%20kel%205.doc
http://amatirs.blogspot.com/2010/04/perbedaan-karangan-non-ilmiah-semi.html
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